| |
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tetraploa sp.: comprise a very small proportion
of the fungal biota. This genus is somewhat related
to Triposporium and Diplocladiella. The only reported
human infections are two cases of keratitis (1970,
1980) and one case of subcutaneous infection of
the knee (1990). No information if available regarding
other health effects or toxicity. Allergenicity
has not been studied. Usually identified on spore
trap samples where it is seen every few week.
Spores have very distinctive morphology. Our laboratory
has never found this organism growing on indoor
environmental surfaces. Natural habitat includes
leaf bases and stems just above the soil on many
kinds of plants and trees.
Thysanphora sp.: Comprise a very small proportion
of the fungal biota. This genus is related to
Penicillium, Phialocephala, and Gliocladium. No
information is available regarding health effects
or toxicity. Allergenicity has not been studied.
May be identified on surfaces by tape lifts, tease
mounts from bulk samples, and in air by culturable
(Andersen) samples. May be identified on spore
trap samples if the presence of this genus has
already been demonstrated (for example on tape
lifts). Spores do not have distinctive morphology
and would be categorized as "other colorless"
on spore trap samples. Recorded isolations include
soil, leaves or Tsuga, and decaying leaves.
Torula sp.: Found in soil, dead herbaceous stems,
wood, grasses, sugar beet root, groundnuts and
oats. Mode of dissemination: Dry spore. Wind.
Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma) No reports
of human infection. Found indoors on cellulose
containing materials such as just, old sacking,
wicker, straw baskets, wood, and paper. Nomenclatural
problems: Torula is sometimes confused with the
yeast Torulopsis. Torulosis is an old name for
cryptococcosis, a disease in humans caused by
the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Grows vegetativley
on general fungal media but usually requires specialized
media for sporulation. Notes on spore trap recognition:
Distinctive, not easily confused with other genera.
Notes on tape lift recognition: Distinctive, readily
identifiable on tape samples.
return to top
Trichocladium sp.: Comprise a small proportion
of the fungal biota. This genus is somewhat related
to Torula. The only reported human infections
are two cases of keratitis (1922, 1965) No information
is available regarding toxicity, Allergenicity
has not been studied. May be identified on surfaces
by tape lifts, and tease mounts from bulk samples.
Certain species can be identified in air by culturable
(Andersen) samples and certain other species by
spore trap samples. Spores of some species have
distinctive morphology. One species in particular,
Trichocladium uniseptatum, is found regularly
on environmental surfaces, chiefly from wood.
This organism does not grow on general fungal
laboratory media and has been reported in times
past as an "unknown brown spore type".
Recorded isolations of Trichocladium species include
soil, wood, tubers of various plants, and pine
needles.
Trichoderma sp.: Contaminant. Opportunistic pathogen.
Found in soil, dead tress, pine needles, paper,
and unglazed ceramics. It produces antibiotics
that are toxic to humans. It has been reported
to be allergenic. It readily degrades cellulose.
Trichophyton sp.: Can cause ringworm, athlete’s
foot, skin, nail, beard and scalp. Reported to
be allergenic. Found on soil and skin.
Trichosporon sp.: common yeast like fungi
whose primary mode of reproduction is the formation
of arthrospores and blastospores. The genus Trichosporon
would not be identified by microscopic morphology
alone because many related and unrelated fungi
form arthrospores. Biochemical analysis is necessary
for identification. Trichosporon beigelii (old
and common name) is the causal organism of superficial
infections of hair shafts (white piedra) and nails
(onychomycosis). Other health effects of this
genus include reports of endocarditis, meningitis,
pneumonia, ocilar infections and peritoneal dialysis-associated
peritonitis. Disseminated disease is recorded
in immunosuppressed hosts. No information is available
regarding toxicity. Allergenicity has not been
well studied. Tape lifts and tease mounts from
bulk samples may reveal the presence of an arthrospore-forming
yeast; isolation on culturable (Andersen) air
samples is possible but infrequent. This genus
is cosmopolitan, common in soil, fresh and seawater,
and plant detritus. Recorded isolations include
garden compost, sewage sludge, intertidal sand,
running water and mud.
return to top
Trichothecium sp.: common but comprise a small
proportion of the fungal biota. This genus is
related to Beauveria and Engyodontium. Health
effects include reports of corneal ulcers, and
a case of otomycosis. No information is available
regarding inhalation effects or toxicity. Allergenicity
has not been studied. May be identified on surfaces
by tape lifts, tease mounts from bulk samples,
and in air by culturable (Andersen) sampling.
Spores do not have distinctive morphology and
would be categorized as "other colorless"
on spore trap samples. commonly isolated from
paper, jute, textiles, adhesives, and gypsum board.
Natural habitat is soil and decaying plant material.
Also an insect pathogen.
Tritirachium sp.: reported to be allergenic.
return to top
|
|
